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Physical Chemistry, by Keith J. Laidler, John H. Meiser, Bryan C. Sanctuary
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With its clear explanations and practical pedagogy, Physical Chemistry is less intimidating to students than other texts, without sacrificing the mathematical rigor and comprehensiveness necessary for a junior-level physical chemistry course. The text's long-standing reputation for accessible writing provides clear instruction and superior problem-solving support for students.
- Sales Rank: #666719 in Books
- Brand: Brand: Cengage Learning
- Published on: 2002-05-06
- Original language: English
- Number of items: 1
- Dimensions: 1.80" h x 8.30" w x 10.00" l, 4.65 pounds
- Binding: Hardcover
- 1088 pages
- Used Book in Good Condition
Review
Note: Each chaper concludes with Key Equations, Problems, and Suggested Reading. 1. The Nature of Physical Chemistry and the Kinetic Theory of Gases 1.1 The Nature of Physical Chemistry 1.2 Some Concepts from Classical Mechanics 1.3 Systems, States, and Equilibrium 1.4 Thermal Equilibrium 1.5 Pressure and Boyle's Law Biography: Robert Boyle 1.6 Gay-Lussac's (Charles's) Law 1.7 The Ideal Gas Thermometer 1.8 The Equation of State for an Ideal Gas 1.9 The Kinetic-Molecular Theory of Ideal Gases 1.10 The Barometric Distribution Law 1.11 The Maxwell Distribution of Molecular Speeds and Translational Energies 1.12 Real Gases 1.13 Equations of State 1.14 The Virial Equation Appendix: Some Definite and Indefinite Integrals Often Used in Physical Chemistry 2. The First Law of Thermodynamics 2.1 Origins of the First Law 2.2 States and State Functions 2.3 Equilibrium States and Reversibility 2.4 Energy, Heat, and Work 2.5 Thermochemistry 2.6 Ideal Gas Relationships 2.7 Real Gases 3. The Second and Third Laws of Thermodynamics Biography: Rudolph Julius Emmanuel Clausius 3.1 The Carnot Cycle 3.2 Irreversible Processes 3.3 Molecular Interpretation of Entropy 3.4 The Calculation of Entropy Changes 3.5 The Third Law of Thermodynamics 3.6 Conditions for Equilibrium 3.7 The Gibbs Energy 3.8 Some Thermodynamic Relationships 3.9 The Gibbs-Helmholtz Equation 3.10 Thermodynamic Limitations to Energy Conversion 4. Chemical Equilibrium Biography: Jacobus Henricus van't Hoff 4.1 Chemical Equilibrium Involving Ideal Gases 4.2 Equilibrium in Nonideal Gaseous Systems 4.3 Chemical Equilibrium in Solution 4.4 Heterogeneous Equilibrium 4.5 Tests for Chemical Equilibrium 4.6 Shifts of Equilibrium at Constant Temperature 4.7 Coupling of Reactions 4.8 Temperature Dependence of Equilibrium Constants 4.9 Pressure Dependence of Equilibrium Constants 5. Phases and Solutions 5.1 Phase Recognition 5.2 Vaporization and Vapor Pressure 5.3 Classification of Transitions in Single-Component Systems 5.4 Ideal Solutions: Raoult's and Henry's Laws 5.5 Partial Molar Quantities 5.6 The Chemical Potential 5.7 Thermodynamics of Solutions 5.8 The Colligative Properties 6. Phase Equilibria 6.1 Equilibrium Between Phases 6.2 One-Component Systems 6.3 Binary Systems Involving Vapor 6.4 Condensed Binary Systems 6.5 Thermal Analysis 6.6 More Complicated Binary Systems 6.7 Crystal Solubility: The Krafft Boundary and Krafft Eutectic 6.8 Ternary Systems 7. Solutions of Electrolytes 7.1 Faraday's Laws of Electrolysis Biography: Michael Faraday 7.2 Molar Conductivity 7.3 Weak Electrolytes: The Arrhenius Theory Biography: Svante August Arrhenius 7.4 Strong Electrolytes 7.5 Independent Migration of Ions 7.6 Transport Numbers 7.7 Ion Conductivities 7.8 Thermodynamics of Ions 7.9 Theories of Ions in Solution 7.10 Activity Coefficients 7.11 Ionic Equilibria 7.12 Ionization of Water 7.13 The Donnan Equilibrium 8. Electrochemical Cells 8.1 The Daniell Cell 8.2 Standard Electrode Potentials 8.3 Thermodynamics of Electrochemical Cells 8.4 Types of Electrochemical Cells 8.5 Applications of emf Measurements 8.6 Fuel Cells 8.7 Photogalvanic Cells 8.8 Batteries, Old and New 9. Chemical Kinetics I. The Basic Ideas 9.1 Rates of Consumption and Formation 9.2 Rate of Reaction 9.3 Empirical Rate Equations 9.4 Analysis of Kinetic Results 9.5 Techniques for Very Fast Reactions 9.6 Molecular Kinetics 9.7 The Arrhenius Equation 9.8 Potential-Energy Surfaces 9.9 The Preexponential Factor Biography: Henry Eyring 9.10 Reactions in Solution 9.11 Reaction Dynamics 10. Chemical Kinetics II. Composite Mechanisms 10.1 Evidence for a Composite Mechanism 10.2 Types of Composite Reactions 10.3 Rate Equations for Composite Mechanisms 10.4 Rate Constants, Rate Coefficients, and Equilibrium Constants 10.5 Free-Radical Reactions 10.6 Photochemical Reactions 10.7 Radiation-Chemical Reactions 10.8 Explosions 10.9 Catalysis 10.10 Reactions in Solution: Some Special Features 10.11 Mechanisms of Polymerization in Macromolecules 10.12 Kinetics of Polymerization 10.13 Induction Periods, Oscillations, and Chaos 10.14 Electrochemical Dynamics 11. Quantum Mechanics and Atomic Structure 11.1 Electromagnetic Radiation and the Old Quantum Theory 11.2 Bohr's Atomic Theory 11.3 The Foundations of Quantum Mechanics 11.4 Schrodinger's Wave Mechanics 11.5 Quantum-Mechanical Postulates 11.6 Quantum Mechanics of Some Simple Systems 11.7 Quantum Mechanics of Hydrogenlike Atoms 11.8 Physical Significance of the Orbital Quantum Numbers 11.9 Angular Momentum and Magnetic Moment 11.10 The Rigid Linear Rotor 11.11 Spin Quantum Numbers 11.12 Many-Electron Atoms 11.13 Approximate Methods in Quantum Mechanics 12. The Chemical Bond Biography: Gilbert Newton Lewis 12.1 The Hydrogen Molecular-Ion, H2+ 12.2 The Hydrogen Molecule 12.3 Huckel Theory for More Complex Molecules 12.4 Valence-Bond Theory for More Complex Molecules 12.5 Symmetry in Chemistry 12.6 Symmetry of Molecular Orbitals Appendix: Character Tables 13. Foundations of Chemical Spectroscopy 13.1 Emission and Absorption Spectra 13.2 Atomic Spectra Biography: Gerhard Herzberg 13.3 Pure Rotational Spectra of Molecules 13.4 Vibrational-Rotational Spectra of Molecules 13.5 Raman Spectra 13.6 Electronic Spectra of Molecules Appendix: Symmetry Species Corresponding to Infrared and Raman Spectra 14. Some Modern Applications of Spectroscopy 14.1 Laser Spectroscopy 14.2 Spectral Line Widths 14.3 Types of Lasers 14.4 Laser Techniques for Chemistry 14.5 Magnetic Spectroscopy 14.6 Nuclear Magnetic Spectroscopy 14.7 Electron Magnetic Resonance (EMR) 14.8 Mossbauer Spectroscopy 14.9 Photoelectron Spectroscopy 14.10 Photoacoustic Spectroscopy 14.11 Chiroptical Methods 14.12 Mass Spectrometry 15. Statistical Mechanics 15.1 Forms of Molecular Energy Biography: Ludwig Boltzmann 15.2 Principles of Statistical Mechanics 15.3 The Partition Function 15.4 Thermodynamic Quantities from Partition Functions 15.5 The Partition Function for Some Special Cases 15.6 The Internal Energy, Enthalpy, and Gibbs Energy Functions 15.7 The Calculation of Equilibrium Constants 15.8 Transition-State Theory 15.9 The Approach to Equilibrium 15.10 The Canonical Ensemble 16. The Solid State 16.1 Crystal Forms and Crystal Lattices 16.2 X-Ray Crystallography 16.3 Experimental Methods Biography: Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin 16.4 Theories of Solids 16.5 Statistical Thermodynamics of Crystals: Theories of Heat Capacities 16.6 Electrical Conductivity in Solids 16.7 Optical Properties of Solids 17. The Liquid State 17.1 Liquids Compared with Dense Gases 17.2 Liquids Compared with Solids 17.3 Intermolecular Forces 17.4 Theories and Models of Liquids 17.5 Water, the Incomparable Liquid 17.6 The Hydrophobic Effect 18. Surface Chemistry and Colloids 18.1 Adsorption 18.2 Adsorption Isotherms 18.3 Thermodynamics and Statistical Mechanics of Adsorption 18.4 Chemical Reactions on Surfaces 18.5 Surface Heterogeneity 18.6 The Structure of Solid Surfaces and of Adsorbed Layers 18.7 Surface Tension and Capillarity 18.8 Liquid Films on Surfaces Biography: Agnes Pockels 18.9 Colloidal Systems 19. Transport Properties 19.1 Viscosity 19.2 Diffusion 19.3 Sedimentation Appendix A Units, Quantities, and Symbols: The SI/IUPAC Recommendations Appendix B Physical Constants Appendix C Some Mathematical Relationships Appendix D Standard Enthalpies, Entropies, and Gibbs Energies of Formation Appendix E Character Tables for Some Important Symmetry Groups in Chemistry Answers to Problems Index
About the Author
Dr. Kith Laidler is an anthropologist, writer and film-maker. He is the author of seven books, including the best selling "The Last Empress" (John Wiley). He is also producer of a large number of films, for which he did his own camera work. Originally concentrating on nature films, Dr. Laidler worked with Sir David Attenborough on "The Living Planet," His production company, Wolfshead Productions, ahs made a number of highly acclaimed documentaries for a variety of broadcasters, such as "Pandas Aren't Always Cuddly" for BBC's "Wildlife On One" and "Pandas of the Sleeping Dragon," He holds a PhD in anthropology from Durham University. He has, over recent years, turned his investigative techniques towards history and religion.
Most helpful customer reviews
33 of 35 people found the following review helpful.
excellent physical chemistry textbook AND reference book all in one; very comprehensive
By A.Reader1
Don't let some of the previous reviews dissuade you from this book. It's excellent.
Laidler et al. cover all the major areas of undergraduate physical chemistry: gas laws, KMT, thermodynamics, chemical equilibria, solutions, phase diagrams, electrochemistry, transport processes, chemical kinetics, surface chem etc. The topic order follows traditional macroscopic physical chemisty. i.e. gas laws come first, then thermo, followed by equilibria, solutions etc. They also provide chapters on quantum mechanics, molecular spectroscopy, chemical bonding, statistical mechanics (chapters 11-15 inclusive).
They include all this and yet still manage to walk the fine line between too much and not enough theory. Their explanations and diagrams are always clear & direct. I disagree with reviewer (below) who says there's not enough detail for chem majors. The level of detail is just right.
As another reviewer mentioned, the chemical kinetics chapters are very good - something most p-chem books mess up. This is because K.J. Laidler has written the standard book in the field for upper level and grad. students: Chemical Kinetics (3rd Edition), ISBN 0060438622.
They summarize equations for each chapter and provide RELEVANT (i.e. for undergrads) references to other books. The problems in the book are not too hard and are nicely keyed according to chapter subsection.
The advanced chapters (11-15) are not deep enough for full semester courses in these areas. But, then, that's not their intent. They're introductions. Well written, too. I read these chapters to get a general understanding of these 'microscopic' areas for my upper year courses.
I wrote the above re: the 1st edition because that's what I own. This fourth edition continues the tradition of clarity with nice glossy pages and makes effective use of a third color for emphasis. It's now very comprehensive with so many extra topics it can be referred to again and again in your undergraduate career and beyond. But all this new material comes at a price: it's physically very heavy and very expensive. And all these additions reduce some of the 'purity' of the original which focused on fundamental principles.
Since there are so many good books covering advanced p-chem topics, the authors could easily drop chapters 11-15 with no loss in continuity. Or put this material on a CD/website. That would reduce the total page count by about one-third or 340 pages. Re: the price: It can't really cost over $250, can it?
downsides to the 4th edition: too many chapters have references without proper annotations; there's lots of marginalia to distract your eye from the main text; every chapter has a preview and a bulleted list of objectives - more material for the student to skip; expensive and heavy.
Immediate competitors to this book: Barrow (ISBN 0070051119), Levine (ISBN 0072534958), Alberty (ISBN 047121504X), Atkins (ISBN 0716735393), Noggle (ISBN 0673523411)
Barrow & Levine & Alberty are all about the same - nothing special. Not as clear as Laidler IMO.
Avoid Atkins. He's abstruse. Same goes for his Molecular Quantum Mechanics book. His dictionary, "Quanta: A Handbook of Concepts", is much better. Get it for your Quantum chem course.
Noggle is an odd book. Some parts are superficial and not detailed enough. Other parts provide very nice alternative explanations (e.g. entropy) if you're having trouble. Works best as a supplement.
Other books that I've no experience with: Principles of Physical Chemistry by Lionel M. Raff and Physical Chemistry by David W. Ball
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some other books must be mentioned:
1. "Physical Chemistry: A Molecular Approach" by Donald A. McQuarrie & John D. Simon (ISBN: 0935702997). This book is unlike any of the others. It covers p-chem from a microscopic viewpoint - quantum mechanics first (extensively), followed by bonding, symmetry, molecular spec., stat thermo, gases, thermodynamics, equilibria, kinetics. He derives all of p-chem from first principles. For traditionalists note the authors de-emphasize phase diagrams (no big loss - few people will ever see it again) and drop electrochemistry (a real shame).
Be sure to check out McQuarrie's other books on Quantum Chemistry and Statistical Mechanics. He's an excellent chemistry author.
2. Other books that follow this microscopic approach are "Principles of Physical Chemistry: Understanding Atoms, Molecules and Supramolecular Machines" by Hans Kuhn, Horst-Dieter Försterling (ISBN 0471965413) and "Physical Chemistry" by R. Stephen Berry et al.
3. "Physical Chemistry" by Walter J. Moore. Unfortunately, long out of print. Find a used 4th (North America) or 5th (international) edition - published in 1972. This is a macroscopic text. It's a bit more difficult than other books of this sort. But, he says exactly what any subject requires and no more. Beautiful economy of words. Keep it for reference.
4. "Thermodynamics and the Free Energy of Chemical Substances" by G.N. Lewis and Merle Randall first published in 1923. Lewis was one of the best physical chemists ever. Book was THE text for a generation of chemists. A 2nd edition came out in 1961. Some of the language is dated but it's still serviceable after all these years.
5. "Physical Chemistry" by Gilbert William Castellan. love this one - not too easy, not too difficult. just right. It's OOP. find used.
Check out my other reviews for other chem books.
9 of 9 people found the following review helpful.
Avoid Getting The 4th Edition of This Book
By Jorge Fernandez
This book is good as far as the material, but the problem sets are full of, well, problems. First of all, the answers in the back of the book for the 4th edition use the tables in the back of the book from the 3rd edition. Thus, if an answer involves looking at the data in the appendixes, the answer in the back of the book is almost guaranteed to be slightly off. You do not know than if you are slightly off for a legitimate reason such as forgetting the affect of the change in moles to enthalpy in a constant volume situation or if it just due to the use of the older appendixes. Page 1035 says on the top "Note: In comparing your answers with the values listed, in some cases a difference in the last place may occur if rounding was used in the various steps of the problem. Slight differences in updated thermodynamic data may cause minor changes in a few cases." This is a horrible case of cutting corners. Second of all, many of the problems themselves are based on the appendixes in the older edition. Take for example problem 3.55., which requires that thermodynamic values for nitrite be known, even though they are not given in the 4th edition appendix. This problem turned out to have a significant difference in values between the older and newer appendixes as well. Here is an email I wrote on the issue: "After I tried switching my values from the book to the photocopy of the older edition, I was able to get the exact same answer as the back of the book for all of them. Before, I was combining the nitrite values from the photocopy with the nitrate values from the book. It turns out, though, that while this only makes a slight difference in the enthalpy answer (nitrate is 206.8 kJ/mol in the new versus -205.0 kJ/mol in the old), it makes a huge difference for the entropy. After checking, I found that the absolute entropy difference for the nitrate values (in the newer edition it is given while in the older one it is implied; I used the oxygen and nitrogen entropies from the new book to calculate it) between the difference editions was 45% if you consider the new book to be the true value. I got a value of 80.6749 J/(mol*K) in the older one compared to 146.70 J/(mol*K) in the newer one. This would explain why using the new book, most of the answers are slightly off when compared to the answers in the back of the book. They are using the old values instead of the new ones!" Third of all, some problems make errors that students would make like forgetting that the number of moles has changed after a reaction for a Kp problem (even though the lapse only lasted for one part of the problem). Fourth of all, some problems are just downright missing important data like problem 2.70, which does not give the values for a and b, which are necessary to complete the problem. It turns out that the implied values from the answer in the back of the book are for nitrogen, but the fact that the gas is nitrogen is never mentioned in the problem (guess you just have to be psychic). Good thing I didn't pay full price for this book, because $270 for this book is a rip off
5 of 5 people found the following review helpful.
I wanted to like it
By cm
I am looking at p-chem books for a class I will be teaching in the fall. The college currently uses this text, so I wanted to stick with it. I liked the resource CD which I think is interactive and visually appealing. I liked the use of color in the text and the overall traditional order in which the chapters are laid out. So at first glance, I wanted to like this book.
I want to organize my lectures around key concepts, so I'm turned off by how hard it is to find the main idea in any given chapter of this textbook. There can be ten loosely connected ideas in a single subsection, with the main idea buried somewhere in the middle. I understand the need to draw connections in science, but I think that can be done more effectively with footnotes or with separate math chapters.
For anyone taking a class with this textbook, please make sure you pay attention to what the professor talks about in lecture, then do all of the assigned problems and try to figure out why those particular problems were assigned. I apologize for getting preachy, but that should help to clarify the main ideas. This book can be most helpful for students who are able to focus on what really matters and filter out the rest.
I should mention that I lean toward more mathematically oriented texts like Silbey and Alberty's or possibly McQuarrie's Quantum Chemistry with a different book for thermodynamics and kinetics (because I want to teach thermo before quantum, and McQuarrie and Simon is not written that way). These may be pretty difficult for an undergrad-level course, but at least they make sense all the way through.
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